Eubios News in Bioethics & Biotechnology

Eubios News in Bioethics & Biotechnology - March 2002

Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics 12 (2002), 75-79.

Comments are written in text form together with recent references. This list continues from the last issue of EJAIBand will continue. The full list of news (OLD = 1991-1993; NEW = 1994+) is available on-line topic-by-topic, at: http://eubios.info/NBB.html

Abbreviations

News in Bioethics & Biotechnology

Comments are written in text form together with recent references. This list continues from the last issue of EJAIB and will continue. This list is available on-line topic-by-topic, at:
http://eubios.info/NBB.html

Genetic Engineering of Plants
Papers on genetically modified plants are included in RTD Info, 31 (Sept. 2001), 24-34. A review of plant biotechnology in China is Science 295 (2002), 674-6. Chinese scientists have sequenced Indica rice genome, AgraFood Biotech 73 (29 Jan. 2001), 20. The creation of salt tolerant plants is discussed in The Scientist (4 March 2002), 26-7. On forest biotechnology, Science 295 (2002), 1626-9. Use of GM bacteria to fight livestock parasites is being developed in Australia, Food Chemical News (8 Oct. 2001), 27-8.

The genetic cost of reproduction in a self fertilizing plant is reported in Nature 416 (2002), 320-3. Microsatellites are preferentially associated with non-repetitive DNA in plant genomes, NatGen 30 (2002), 194-200. On plant stem cells, Nature 415 (2002), 751-4. The use of miniature plastids is discussed in Science 295 (2002), 258-9.

Genetic Engineering of Animals
Protein production in transgenic animals is reviewed in GEN 22 (1 Jan. 2002) 20-1, 43. A comparison of genotype versus country for cattle growth is J. Animal Science 80 (2002), 330-7. Pigs that may be useful for low rejection organ transplants have been made, Lai, L. et al. "Production of alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout pigs by nuclear cloning", Science 295 (2001), 1089-91. On somatic nuclear transfer for pig, Biology of Reproduction 66 (2002), 642-50. Herman the famous Dutch GM bull has been given a stay of execution, Science 295 (2002), 437. Columbia has allowed the creation of transgenic animals, following release of regulations, to add to Brazil who allows GM animals, AgraFood Biotech 71 (25 Dec. 2001), 10.

A cat has been cloned, Shin, T. et al. "A cat cloned by nuclear transplantation", Nature 415 (2001), 859; NS (23 Feb. 2002), 6; Science 295 (2002), 1441-2. Monoclonal mice have been generated from nuclear transfer from mature B and T donor cells, Nature 415 (2001), 1035-8, 967-9. Faithful expression of imprinted genes is reported for cloned mice, Science 295 (2002), 297. However cloned animals still seem to die early, NS (16 Feb. 2002), 14.

Transgenic mouse models include: Huntington's disease mice models have better outcome with transglutaminase inhibitor cystamine, NatMed. 8 (2002), 143-8; a mouse model with learning deficits, Nature 415 (2002), 526-30. Oestrogen protects FKBP 12.6 null mice from cardiac hypertrophy, Nature 416 (2002), 334-7. Purkinje cell degeration is caused by mutations in axotomy-induced gene, Nna 1, Science 295 (2002), 1904-6. Colorectal cancer is caused in mice deficient for mucin Muc2, Science 295 (2002), 1726-9. In general on understanding knockout mice, Nature 415 (2002), 8-9.

Designer Molecules
A method to turn chicken feathers into high grade animal feed has been found, AgraFood Biotech 72 (15 Jan. 2001), 20. Spider silk has been manufactured by rDNA technology, Lazaris, A. et al. "Spider silk fibers spun from soluble recombinant silk produced in mammalian cells", Science 295 (2002), 472-6, 421-2. A new plastic that can mend itself has been made, NS (9 March. 2002), 21.

Microbial production of vitamin B12 is reviewed in Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 58 (2002), 275-85.

Biotechnology & the Public
The European Commission has called for more social issues to be considered in biotechnology, in their document, Life Sciences and biotechnology ― A strategy for Europe, COM (2002) 27 final of 23 January, 2002. A series of 10 papers on bioethics, biotechnology and the public from Europe is published in Notizie di Politeia XVII, N.63 (2001), 3-116. Educating the public about bioethics and science is discussed in Science and Engineering Ethics 8 (2002), 43-58. Bioethics and the media is discussed in HCR 32 (Jan. 2002), 32-9.

A discussion of bioethics and dilemmas faced by a company is in the 2001 Annual report of Novo Nordisk, Reporting on the Triple Bottom Line 2001, Dealing with Dilemmas, 67pp. The third volume of a major series is Sasson, Albert. Biotechnologies in developing countries: present and future. Volume 3: Regional and subregional co-operation, and joint ventures (UNESCO Publishing, 2000, 1103pp. )

Regulation & Field Trials of GMOs
Methods to delete foreign DNA after transfer have been developed, Environmental Health Perspectives 110 (2002), A88-91. Flaws in a paper on gene transfer frequency have been alleged, Nature 415 (2002), 948. The issue of boundaries on the spread of genes and the integrity of organisms is Ram's Horn 199 (2002), 1-2.

India has approved GM Bt cotton for 3 years of commercial trials. On the farm impact of Bt cotton in South Africa, Biotechnology and Development Monitor 48 (Dec. 2001), 15-21. On the risks of Bt maize in Kenya, Biotechnology and Development Monitor 48 (Dec. 2001), 6-9. The NAS Panel has suggested tighter monitoring of GM releases, Nature 415 (2002), 948; Science 295 (2002), 1619-20. The UN is attempting to boost biosafety in developing countries, Nature 415 (2002), 353.

The WHO has put off the destruction of smallpox virus in case it is needed for future vaccine research, Science 295 (2002), 598-9; BMJ 324 (2002), 69. Also on the reasons to delay destruction, SA (March 2002), 12-3; NS (26 Jan. 2002), 3, 12; Nature 415 (2002), 356. Several papers on biowarfare are in GeneWatch 15 (March 2002), 3-11; Science 295 (2002), 44, 1464, 1467-8; NatMed. 8 (2002), 6. On the anthrax outbreak and investigation, NS (9 Feb. 2002), 8-10; (2 March 2002), 11; Nature 415 (2002), 719-20; Science 295 (2002), 43, 1425, 1447, 1861. The genomics of anthrax is discussed in Nature 415 (2002), 373-4, 396-402; Science 295 (2002), 1442. Better vaccines are sought, Nature 416 (2002), 116; Science 295 (2002), 427-8; SA (March 2002), 36-45. Access to agents and risk is discussed in Nature 415 (2002), 364.

Vaccines & Diseases
A review of the biosocial program at TDR in WHO is in TDR News 66 (Oct. 2001), 5-8. Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms are reviewe d in Nature 415 (2002), 389-95.

AIDS & Sexually Transmitted Diseases
A report from the French national bioethics committee on the ethics of assisted reproduction for those at risk of HIV transmission is in Les Cahiers 30 (Jan. 2002). 5-12.

Microbes & Pollution Remedies
A discussion of biotechnology in the mining industry is Australasian Biotechnology 11 (Dec. 2001), 30-1. A fish that glows after being exposed to toxins like PCBs has been used to detect pollution in the USA, NS (12 Jan. 2002), 36-7.

Environmental Issues
A new volume of papers from a 2000 bioethics conference in India is Gabriel, M, Joshua, K., Azariah, J. Current Issues in Bioethics and Environment (Madras Christian College, 2001, 291pp.). A report is Pollard, SJ. et al. "Current directions in the practice of environmental risk assessment in the UK", EST 36 (2002), 530-8. Life cycle assessment and the precautionary principle are reviewed in EST 36 (2002), 71-5A. Poverty and the environment are discussed in Environment 44 (Jan 2002), 9-18. In general on the damage to people our damage to the environment makes, SA (Feb. 2002), 72-9.

The persistence of DDT is discussed in Environmental Health Perspectives 110 (2002), 125-8. On the conseuqneces to health of mercury spills, Environmental Health Perspectives 110 (2002), 129-32. A survey of the persistence of pharmaceuticals in US stream water is EST 36 (2002), 1202-11. The USA and Vietnam are to study the impact of Agent Orange, Nature 416 (2002), 252.

A call for life cycle preferences to be balanced with consumption and health is made in J. Health Economics 21 (2002), 161-6. On the issue of sustainability, EST 36 (2002), 523-9; Agricultural Economics 26 (2001), 227-36; Ecological Economics 40 (2002), 13-22.

Renewable energy is discussed in NS (26 Jan. 2002), 18. Traffic pollution harms many people, NS (9 March 2002), 8.

The human germline mutation rate and nuclear weapons tests are reported in Science 295 (8 Feb. 2002). Overall atom bomb tests may have killed 11,000 persons in the USA alone, Nature 416 (2002), 8.

　
Biodiversity
Europe has been accused of plundering the fish stocks from poor nations, NS (12 Jan. 2002), 15. Chinese statistics are questioned on fish catches in Newsweek (21 Jan. 2002), 42-3; and on fishery management, Science 295 (2002), 1235-6. A series of papers on fish ecology are in Ecological Applications 12 (2002), 138-237. Priority lists for marine biodiversity and tropical reefs are discussed in Science 295 (2002), 1280-4. Antarctic sea ice is a habitat for extremophiles, Science 295 (2002), 641-4. The sea is full of diverse microorganisms, Nature 415 (2002), 572-4, 590-1. The question of breaching dams to save salmon breeding grounds is discussed in EST 36 (2002), 96A.

The question of the role of tropical forests as a carbon sink is discussed in Ecological Applications 12 (2002), 3-7. Indonesian forests are rapidly disappearing, NS (2 March 2002), 6. The Amazon is discussed in Science 295 (2002), 639-40, 1643-4. Much diversity in forests is still unknown, Science 295 (2002), 636-7. The question of stability and biodiversity is discussed in Nature 416 (2002), 23-4, 426-9; Science 295 (2002), 1245-8. In general on the loss of biodiversity, Science 295 (2002), 1835.

A book review on Hulme, D. & Murphee, M., eds., African Wildlife and Livelihoods: The Promise and Performance of Community Conservation (Heinemann, 2001, 344pp.) is in Nature 415 (2002), 591-2. Protests in the USA have failed to block a mountain lion survey, Nature 416 (2002), 5. There have been claims of misconduct in endanagered species issues in the USA, Science 295 (2002), 250-1.

Book reviews of biodiversity and biotechnology issues are in Nature 415 (2002), 960-1. How to study the genes of closely related species is discussed in Genetical Research 78 (2002), 209-212. The evolution of sex ratio is discussed in Science 295 (2002), 1685-91. The concept of a species is discussed in Science 295 (2002), 1238-9. Good luck and law of the jungle is discussed in NS (9 Feb. 2002), 28-31.

Animal Rights
The question of the integrity of animals made by genetic engineering is debated in Bovenkerk, B. et al. "Brave new birds: The use of 'animal integrity' in animal ethics", HCR 32 (Jan. 2002), 16-22; Smith, KR. "Animal genetic manipulation ― A utlilatarian response", Bioethics 16 (2002), 55-71. On animal research in the UK, BME 174 (2002), 7-8. The question of animal pacing in cages is discussed in NS (26 Jan. 2002), 34-7.

The construction of a chimpanzee-human comparative clone map has neem reported in Science 295 (4. 2002). A major gene influencing social behavior has been reported to be a pheromone binding protein, Science 295 (2002), 328-31. Discussion of the enlargement of the human brain is in NS (16 March 2002), 11. On cyborgs, NS (23 Feb. 2002), 26-9.

Safety of Recombinant DNA Products
A method to treat rheumatoid arthritis with TNF alpha blockage has been reported, BMJ 324 (2002), 312-3. A discussion of the potential of producing human monoclonal antibodies in yeast is BioCentury (19 Feb. 2002), A6-7. A discussion of antiplatelet drugs is in BMJ 324 (2002), 59-60. TPA is discussed in NatMed. 8 (2002), 5; and a wire grappling hook to remove clots is also being developed, NS (16 March 2002), 20. A discussion of molecules being tested in pancreatic cancer is Canadian Biotech. News (11 Feb. 2002), 7.

Food safety
Draft guidelines on assessment of food safety produced from biotechnology have reached step 8 in the Codex Alimentarius process after the March meeting of the Task Force on Novel Foods Produced by Biotechnology in Japan (see Codex web site). A public survey from Ghana on attitudes towards consuming fungal and mycotoxin contaminated dried cassava products found 59% would still consume mouldy cassava products, Int. J. Food Science and Technology 36 (2001), 1-10.

Croatia is drafting laws to ban GM food import, AgraFood Biotech 73 (29 Jan. 2001), 17. Italy may have zero tolerance for GM components, AgraFood Biotech 73 (29 Jan. 2001), 5. GM bacteria to help clean teeth are suggested in NS (23 Feb. 2002), 10.

Disease Risks & Drugs
Rational use of analgesic drugs is called for in NEJM 345 (2001), 1844-5. Canadian drug prescribing is discussed in NatMed. 7 (2001), 983.

Chaperone overload might contribute to multifactorial diseases, TIG 17 (Dec. 2001), 701-4. Large differences in asthma prevalence can occur without large differences in atopy frequence, as shown in a UK, Albania comparison, Lancet 358 (2001), 1426-7. Also on asthma, Lancet 359 (2001), 599-600. Questions of how to distinguish good and bad responders to drugs are discussed in F&S 76 (2001), 1185-90.

A study of the genetic and environmental contributions to cannabis dependence is Psychological Medicine 32 (2002), 195-207. There is still controversy over whether cannabis damages the brain, NS (9 March 2002), 6. A book review on chemically altered consciousness is NatMed. 8 (2002), 12. The link between ADHD and addiction is discussed in NatMed. 8 (2002), 24-5. On drug use in children, NS (10 Nov. 2001), 28-31. On the legal penalties for drug use, NS (10 Nov. 2001), 3; (2 Feb. 2002), 44-5; JAMA 286 (2001), 1764-5. Glutamate may be useful to stop addiction, SA (Jan 2002), 18. MDMA and reversal of addiction is discussed in Lancet 359 (2002), 1831, 1864-9. A discussion of television addiction is SA (Feb. 2002), 62-8. Behavioural addictions are reviewed in Science 294 (2001), 980-2. Chinese children and addiction are discussed in Newsweek (3 Dec. 2001), 42-5. A book review on the global history of addiction is in Nature 414 (2001), 846-7.

The International Space Station will not allow alcoholics, Nature 415 (2002), 568. The link between alcohol and breast cancer is discussed in JAMA 286 (2001), 2143-51. Suicide is one of the major risks of alcoholism, BMJ 323 (2001), 817-8.

A UK study has found microwave emissions like those from a mobile phone may make worms more fertile, which had led to calls for more tests on the safety of mobile phones, NS (9 Feb. 2002), 4-5.

A discussion of the lengthy delays in approval for Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant is Newsweek (11 Feb. 20002), 42-3. Some DNA mutations have been linked to Soviet atom bomb tests, Science 295 (2002), 946.

The dangers of violence to nurses is discussed in BMJ 323 (2001), 1362-4, 1472-3. On suicide, JAMA 286 (2001), 3089+, 3120+, 3126-7.

Patenting & Business
There have been rising concerns over public access to the rice genome sequence, Nature 416 (2002), 111-2. A campaign has started on an end to all gene patents, NS (9 Feb. 2002), 15. The question of whether there is a unique status of human DNA to prevent patenting is discussed in KIEJ 11 (2001), 359-86. IPRs are also discussed in Asian Biotechnology & Development Review (Feb. 2002), 51-62. Some UK medical doctors have claimed a patent to hemochromatosis held by Biorad is hindering diagnostic tests, Nature 415 (2002), 577-9; Guardian (7 Feb. 2002). On bioprospecting, Nature 416 (2002), 15.

The crisis in lack of profits for pharmaceutical companies is discussed in BME 174 (2002), 1. A discussion of Monsanto and its green image is in Biotechnology and Development Monitor 48 (Dec. 2001), 13-4. Also on company images, Splice 8 (Jan. 2002), 4-6, 10-11.

Birth Control
Medicalization of menopause is discussed in Int. J. Health Services 31 (2001), 769-92; NS (16 March 2002), 38-41. On the future of sex, Nature 415 (2002), 963. Reproductive health education in China is discussed in Health & Place 7 (2001), 261-71.

Paternally inherited HLA alleles are associated with a women's choice of male odour, NatGen 30 (2002), 175-9. The question of whether we are attracted to mates that look like our parents is discussed in NS (9 Feb. 2002), 26-9. The question of chemistry of clothes and pheromones and sex is discussed in Time (4 March 2002), 57. Sexual stereotypes on promiscuity are discussed in Nature 415 (2002), 254-6. Homosexuality in Egypt is discussed in Newsweek (11 Feb. 2002), 16-7.

Embryo Status
The question of privacy, abortion and resources is discussed in Developing Word Bioethics 1 (2001), 70+. Two papers on abortion are in AIBA Newslink 5 (Feb. 2002), 1-3. Information on a claimed safe herbal method to naturally induce miscarriage is available on <www.geocities.com/naturalmiscarriage/>

The question of whether ES cells will be a useful source of dopamine neurons for Parkinson disease transplants is reported in PNAS 99 (2002), 1755-7. Placebo surgery for Parkinson's disease fetal transplants is debated in JLME 30 (2002), 58-72.

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
Two papers on the issue of a woman cloning herself are in CQHE 11 (2002), 76-86. The ethics of creating and selecting preimplantation embryos to produce tissue donors as discussed from the HFEA Ethics Committee in the UK, BME 173 (2001), 8-11. A discussion that frequent sex could increase chances of conception is NS (9 Feb. 2002), 32-5.

The cases when sex selection may not be morally wrong are discussed in HCR 32 (Jan. 2002), 23-31. A general discussion of ethics of ART is AIBA Newslink 5 (2002), 5-7. A review of the ethics of ARTs in Brazil is Bioethics 15 (2001), 218+.

Fetal Environment & Neonates
A paper discussing the role of nurses in preventing cot death is Nursing Ethics 9 (2002), 137-54. The question of whether home births are safe is discussed in CMAJ 166 (2002), 315-23, 335-6. The ethical issue of alienation from labour is discussed in Bioethics 15 (2001), 206+.

Discussion of the ethics of using antipsychotic drugs for challenging behaviour in learning disability is JME 27 (2001), 338-43. The epidemiology of ADHD is reviewed in Can. J. Psychiatry 46 (2001), 931-40. Infants can even pick up language in their sleep, NS (9 Feb. 2002), 13. The question of whether IQ scores should change is discussed in NS (2 March 2002), 3. Relationship between birth weight and IQ is discussed in BMJ 323 (2001), 1426-7. Ways to teach reading are discussed in SA (Jan 2002), 70-7. On the neurobiology of child abuse, SA (March 2002), 54-61. Imitation in preverbal infants is discussed in Nature 415 (2002), 755.

Genetic Disease Markers
Four papers on various aspects of Alzheimer's disease are in Pathways 3 (Jan. 2002), 4-23.

Genetic Screening Methodology
SNP typing by real-time PCR is discussed in PharmaGenomics 2 (Jan. 2002), 48-55.

DNA Fingerprinting & Privacy
Reports on genetic discrimination is include, Wong, JC. & Lieh-Mak, F. "Genetic discrimination and mental illness: a case report", JME 27 (2001), 393-7; GeneWatch 15 (Jan. 2002), 3-4. A book review of Wailoo, K., Dying in the City of the Blues: Sickle Cell Anemia and the Politics of Race and Health is Nature 415 (2002), 477-8. The use of the physician as a gate keeper for the criminal justice system regarding use of genetic information is discussed in JLME 30 (2002), 88-94. Old fashioned fingerprinting may not hold up to Supreme Court evidence standards in the USA, Science 295 (2002), 418. However a Y chromosome can be a marker for rape, NS (2 March 2002), 12.

New US privacy rules in the 32 page Privacy Rule from the US DHHS may hinder research, Science 294 (2001), 2070-1. The question of privacy is discussed in general in SA (March 2002), 10-1. Opposition to the proposed Tongan genetic database from church and prodemocracy groups has raised questions on its future, BMJ 324 (2002), 443. The relation between autonomy and responsibility in the use of genetics is discussed in Knoppers, BM. "Genetic information and the family: are we our brother's keeper?", TIBTECH 20 (2002), 85-6.

Ethics & Genetic Screening
The Danish Council of Ethics has published a report, Genetic Investigation of healthy Subjects. Report on Presymptomatic Testing, 83pp. (2002) with their 2000 Annual report. Copies are available free. A call to allow testing in children unless clear harm will be caused is Robertson, S. & Savulescu, J. "Is there a case in favour of predictive genetic testing in young children?", Bioethics 15 (2001), 26-49. On the disclosure of genetic risk, Bioethics 15 (2001), 231-7.

A paper calling for consumers to chose is Levitt, M. "Let the consumer decide? The regulation of commercial genetic testing", JME 27 (2001), 398-403. The ethical dilemmas of midwifes in selective termination of pregnancy are discussed in Savulescu, J. "Is current practice around late termination of pregnancy eugenic and discriminatory? Maternal interests and abortion.", JME 27 (2001), 165-71; Nursing Ethics 9 (2002), 179-80.

A 60 page report in French from a symposium on what is normal appears in Les Cahiers 30 (Jan. 2002). A paper criticising the views of some bioethicists on disabled persons is Munzarova, M. "Towards the abolition of man: The voice of disabled persons cannot be avoided", BME 174 (2002), 13-21. Disability is discussed in JME 27 (2001), 361-2. Innateness is discussed in Nature 415 (2002), 739. A book review of The Impact of the Gene is NatGen 30 (2002), 137. On the increase in IQ, NS (2 March 2002), 24-7.

A paper on how to apologise for the past and Nazi Science is Science and Engineering Ethics 8 (2002), 31-42. A new book on genocide is Power, Samantha, A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide (Basic Books, 610pp.). A discussion of genetics in Iceland is GeneWatch 15 (Jan. 2002), 6-10.

Gene Therapy
Results of a UK survey of 100 patients with cancer found limited knowledge about genes, Holm, S. & Jayson, G. "What do patients, their relatives and medical staff know about gene therapy?", BME 173 (2001), 13-9. A discussion of enhancement and social justice is Savulescu, J. "Procreative beneficence: Why we should select the best children", Bioethics 15 (2001), 413-26; 16 (2002), 72-83.

The future of the RAC is discussed in NatMed. 7 (2001), 983. The gene therapy death in Pennsylvania is discussed in Science 295 (2002), 604-5. A report of a "cyborg" family in the USA, is Time (11 March 2002), 42-3.

A general review on gene therapy is in Medicine 81 (2002), 69-82. Efficient recombination has been induced in mouse ES cells, NatGen 30 (2002), 66-72. The question of germline stem cells for males is reviewed in NatGen 30 (2002), 133-4.

Human Genome Project (HGP)
A discussion of HGP is NatGen 30 (2002), 125. The genome of Schizosaccharomyces pombe is published in Nature 415 (2002), 871-80, 845-8. The genome of plant pathogen of Ralstonia solanacearum is in Nature 415 (2002), 497-50. A review of proteomics is in SA (Jan 2002), 27-41.

General Medical Ethics
Medical education in Albania, and in general is discussed in Croatian Med. J 43 (2002), 45-53. Students opinion on the disclosure of true diagnosis in Croatia is reported in Croatian Med. J43 (2002), 75-9.

A series of 7 papers on negotiating consensus in bioethics is in CQHE 11 (2002), 7-67. A new book based on a Ph.D thesis is Salvi, Maurizio. Rationalising Individuality. The notion of individuality in biology, philosophy, (bio)ethics. 300pp. Please contact the author (Maurizio.Salvi@cec.eu.int).

Law & Medical Ethics
Results of a survey of US hospital ethics committees on their successes and failures are in CQHE 11 (2002), 87-93. Pediatric research regulations in the USA, and the John Hopkins case, are examined in JLME 30 (2002), 38-57. The US NBAC has been replaced with the President's Council on Bioethics. Dr. Leon Kass of the University of Chicago chairs the Council. The Council is charged with keeping the President informed of new developments in the bioethics arena and to provide a forum for discussion and evaluation of those issues. It is interesting that in the USA the National Bioethics Committee changes with the political party.

Scientific Ethics
A series of papers on the theme of the ethics of bioethics is in Law and Bioethics Report 1 (Dec. 2001), 2-10. Peer review is discussed in Science and Engineering Ethics 8 (2002), 99-112.

Euthanasia & Terminal Care
Assisted suicide is discussed in JLME 30 (2002), 6-37. Virtue ethics and euthanasia is discussed in NZ Bioethics J. 3 (Jan. 2002), 18-27. Euthanasia in the Netherlands is discussed in JLME 30 (2002), 95-104. An English translation of the Belgium euthanasia bill is in BME 174 (2002), 9-11. A review of problems nurses encounter in caring for the terminally ill is Nursing Ethics 9 (2002), 155-78.

Organ Transplants & Brain Death
Several papers on organ transplants and donor shortages are in CQHE 11 (2002), 68-75. Parental consent to the use of children's dead bodies is discussed in KIEJ 11 (2001), 337-58.

Health Costs
The ethics of health care rationing are discussed in JLME 30 (2002), 82-7. A Jewish and Catholic approach to rationing is discussed in KIEJ 11 (2001), 317-36.

Internet Journals
Elsagen project: Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects of Genetic Databases <http://www.elsagen.net>

Prepared by Darryl Macer
Go back to EJAIB 12 (March 2002)
Go back to EJAIB
The Eubios Ethics Institute is on the world wide web of Internet:
http://eubios.info/index.html